Understanding Microplastics and Their Impact on Health 

In recent years, the issue of microplastic pollution has gained significant attention due to its widespread presence in our environment and potential implications for human health. Microplastics are tiny plastic particles measuring less than five millimetres in size, often invisible to the naked eye. They can originate from the breakdown of larger plastic debris or be intentionally manufactured for use in various products. 

Where are microplastics found? 

Microplastics can enter the environment through multiple pathways: 

• Plastic Pollution: Large plastic items like bottles, bags, and packaging gradually break down into smaller fragments due to weathering and sunlight exposure. 

• Microbeads: Tiny plastic beads used in personal care products like exfoliating scrubs and toothpaste can wash down drains and enter waterways. 

• Textiles: Synthetic fabrics such as polyester and nylon shed microfibers during washing, which can end up in wastewater and eventually in aquatic ecosystems. 

• Industrial Processes: Plastic pellets used in manufacturing processes can escape into the environment, contributing to microplastic pollution. 
• Microplastics originating from synthetic tire rubber produce approximately 6 million tons of particles through road wear, which become airborne and spread far and wide. 

Hidden Damages of Microplastics on Health 

Despite their small size, microplastics pose potential risks to human health: 

• Ingestion: Microplastics can accumulate in aquatic organisms and enter the human food chain through seafood consumption. Studies suggest that humans may inadvertently consume microplastics through water, air, and food, leading to concerns about their impact on digestive health. 
• Chemical Contaminants: Microplastics have the ability to adsorb harmful chemicals such as pesticides and industrial pollutants from the surrounding environment. When ingested, these chemicals can potentially leach into the body, posing toxicological risks. 
• Inflammatory Response: Research shows that microplastics may trigger inflammatory responses in the body, potentially contributing to chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and respiratory disorders. 
• Hormonal imbalance can occur due to exposure to microplastics containing endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which disrupt hormone signalling pathways in the body. These microplastics mimic or block the action of natural hormones, upsetting the intricate balance of hormonal regulation and potentially causing health problems related to reproductive health, metabolism, and immune function. 

Reducing Microplastic Exposure 

While microplastic pollution is a complex issue requiring systemic changes, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their exposure and contribute to a cleaner environment: 

• Choose Natural Fibers: Opt for clothing made from natural fibres like cotton, linen, and wool, which shed fewer microfibers compared to synthetic materials. 

• Avoid Single-Use Plastics: Minimise the use of disposable plastic items such as bags, bottles, and straws. Instead, opt for reusable alternatives made from glass, stainless steel, or bamboo. If you ever use plastic containers, never heat them in the microwave or store hot food in them, as heat can exacerbate leaching of microplastics. 

• Use Eco-Friendly Personal Care Products: Avoid products containing microbeads and opt for natural alternatives for exfoliation and oral care. 
• Swap out plastic-containing teabags: Use refillable and reusable linen tea bags or tea balls. Many tea brands use plastic in their bags (found in the sealant used to close the tea bag) which can leach into your tea when hot water is added. 
• Avoid processed foods: as they are manufactured using plastic tools or packaging which can introduce microplastics into the final product during production and packaging. Always opt for a whole food, organic fruit and vegetables where possible. 
• Filter your drinking water: A high-quality water filter that can remove microplastic particles from tap water. 

Microplastic pollution is a significant environmental and health challenge that requires collective action at local, national, and global levels. By raising awareness, adopting sustainable practices, and advocating for systemic changes, we can work towards minimising microplastic exposure and safeguarding both human health and the integrity of our ecosystems for future generations. Together, we can make a positive impact in combating the hidden damages of microplastics on our health and the environment. 

Image: https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/ocean-pollution-campaign-with-plastic-bags-used-bottles-floating_15665885.htm

‍